The Greek New Testament

Edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Bruce M Metzger Allen Wikgren
United Bible Societies London Copyright 1966.
This Edition prepared for katapi by Paul Ingram 2004

INTRODUCTION

UBS4-Resources | The Text | Textual Apparatus | Evaluation | Greek MS: Uncials | Miniscules/Lectionaries | Ancient Versions | Church Fathers | Punctuation Apparatus | Cross-Reference | Symbols/abbreviations | Page^

For a better understanding of the special features of this edition, such as the arrangement of materials, the range of evidence and the manner of citation, the following sections describe the text, apparatus and reference system. There are also provided an alphabetical list of symbols and abbreviations, a bibliography and an index of quotations in the New Testament.
Page^

The text

1. The verse divisions are based on the 25th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek text; these, with a few exceptions, are identical with the verse divisions first introduced by Stephanus in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament, and are widely adopted in modern editions. Significant, differences are indicated in the punctuation apparatus.

2. The section headings are based upon those published by the United Bible Societies for the use of translators.

3. Cross-references to parallel passages are found immediately below the section headings.

4. Superscript numerals in the text refer to the textual apparatus, where, to facilitate reference from apparatus to text, the verse number is also included.

5. Superscript italic letters refer to the punctuation apparatus; multiple use of the same letter indicates that the set of punctuation variants involves more than one position in the text.

6. Bold face type is used to identify direct quotations from the Old Testament. With the exception of an author's adaptation, minor variations are not distinguished typographically. [Note: In this katapi edition uncials replace bold face type]

7. Quoted poetic passages and passages possessing an evidently formal structure are indented, with as many as three degrees of indentation.

8. In matters of punctuation the Committee has paid special attention to the problems and needs of translators. Within paragraphs the following kinds of punctuation "breaks" are used:
(a) terminal marks of punctuation, i. e. period (full stop) or question mark, followed by a capital letter;
(b) terminal marks followed by a lower-case letter;
(c) a colon (raised period), which is always followed by a lower-case letter;
(d) a comma. Quotations and direct speech are introduced by a capital letter preceded by a comma. Intra-paragraph divisions, indicated in some editions by means of different lengths of space between terminal punctuation marks and following words, have not been used.

9. [ ] Square brackets are used to enclose words which are regarded as having dubious textual validity.

10. [[ ]] Double square brackets are used to enclose passages which are regarded as later additions to the text, but which are retained because of their evident antiquity and their importance in the textual tradition.
Page^

THE TEXTUAL APPARATUS

As has been stated in the Preface, the variant readings cited in the textual apparatus are primarily those that are significant for translators or necessary for establishing the text. A few other variants have been included because they contain important differences in the forms of proper names or because they provide valuable supplementary information.
Page^

1. The Evaluation of Evidence for the Text

By means of the letters A, B, C, and D, enclosed within "braces" { } at the beginning of each set of textual variants, the Committee has sought to indicate the relative degree of certainty, arrived at on the basis of internal considerations as well as of external evidence; for the reading adopted as the text.

{A} 

signifies that the text is virtually certain,

{B} 

indicates that there is some degree of doubt.

{C}  

means that there is considerable degree of doubt whether the text or the apparatus contains the superior reading,

{D}  

shows that there is a very high degree of doubt concerning the reading selected for the text.

The apparently large number of C decisions is due to the circumstance that many readings in the A and B classes have had no variants included in the apparatus because they were not important for the purposes of this edition. By far the greatest proportion of the text represents what may be called an A degree of certainty.
Page^

2. The Greek Manuscript Evidence

The Greek manuscript evidence includes
papyri,
letter uncials: uncials designated traditionally by capital letters,
numbered uncials: uncials designated by arable numbers with an initial 0,
Minuscules: (numbered without an initial 0),
lectionaries: (numbered with an initial L).
All manuscripts are cited and identified in accordance with the Gregory-Aland nomenclature found in Kurt Aland, Kurzgefasste Liste (see bibliography).

The following papyri have been newly collated and their evidence is cited wherever they provide data for a variant included in the apparatus. Since most of the papyri are fragmentary, their citation is comparatively infrequent.

Papyri

Content:: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Epistles; r=Revelation.

Number

Content

Location

Date

P1

e

Philadelphia

III

P2

e

Florence

VI

P3

e

Vienna

VI/VII

P4

e

Paris

III

P5

e

London

III

P6

e

Strassburg

IV

P8

a

Berlin

IV

P10

p

Cambridge, Mass.

IV

P11

p

Leningrad

VII

P13

p

London and Florence

III, IV

P15

p

Cairo

III

P16

p

Cairo

III/IV

P18

r

London

III/IV

P19

e

Oxford

IV/V

P21

e

Allentown, Pa.

IV/V

P22

e

Glasgow

III

P23

c

Urbana, 111.

early III

P24

r

Newton Center, Mass.

IV

P25

e

Berlin

late IV

P26

P

Dallas

about 600

P27

p

Cambridge

III

P30

p

Ghent

III

P33

a

Vienna

VI

P36

e

Florence

VI

P37

e

Ann Arbor, Mich.

III/IV

P38

a

Ann Arbor, Mich.

about 300

P39

e

Chester, Pa.

Ill

P40

p

Heidelberg

III

P41

a

Vienna

VIII

P45

ea

Dublin: Chester Beatty, and Vienna

III

P46

p

Dublin: Chester Beatty, and Ann Arbor, Mich.

About 200

P47

r

Dublin: Chester Beatty

late III

P48

a

Florence

late III

P49

p

New Haven, Conn.

late III

P50

a

New Haven, Conn.

IV/V

P51

p

P. Oxy. 2157

about 400

P58

a

Vienna

VI

P59

e

New York: P. Colt 3

VII

P61          

p

New York: P. Colt 5

about 700

P63                  

e

Berlin 

about 500

P64

e

Oxford and Barcelona

 about 200

P65       

p    

Florence                    

III  

P66       

e    

Geneva: P. Bodmer ii  

about 200

P67       

e    

Barcelona

about 200

P68       

p    

Leningrad              

   VII?  

P70

e    

P. Oxy. 2384

III

P71       

e    

P. Oxy, 2385

IV

P72       

c    

Geneva: P. Bodmer vii, viii

III/IV

P74      

ac   

Geneva: P. Bodmer xvii

VII

P75      

e   

Geneva: P. Bodmer xiv, xv

early III

P76       

e    

Vienna                       

 VI 

Page^

The following letter uncials, selected because of their value in determining the text, have been cited from previous editions of the Greek New Testament. They have been checked chiefly where the printed evidence was contradictory or incomplete.

Letter Uncials

Content:: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Epistles; r=Revelation.

Number

Content

Location

Date

א

01

eapr

London: Sinaiticus

IV

A

02

eapr

London: Alexandrinus

V

B

03

eap

Rome: Vaticanus

IV

C

04

eapr

Paris: Ephraemi Rescriptus

V

D

05

ea

Cambridge: Bezae Cantabrigiensis

VI

D

06

p

Paris: Claromontanus

VI

D aba1

 

p

Abschrift (copy of Claromontanus)

IX

E

07

e

Basel

VIII

E

08

a

Oxford: Laudianus

VI

F

09

e

Utrecht

IX

F

010

p

Cambridge

IX

G

O11

e

London and Cambridge

IX

G

012

p

Dresden: Boernerianus

IX

H

013

e

Hamburg and Cambridge

IX

H

015

p

Athos and elsewhere:

Euthalianus

VI

I

016

p

Washington

V

K

017

e

Paris

IX

K

018

ap

Moscow

IX

L

019

e

Paris: Regius

VIII

L

020

ap

Rome

IX

M

021

c

Paris

IX

N

022

e

Leningrad and elsewhere

VI

0

023

e

Paris

VI

P

024

e

Wolfenbüttel

VI

P

025

apr

Leningrad

IX

Q

026

e

Wolfenbüttel

V

S

028

e

Rome

949

T

029

e

Rome

V

U

030

e

Venice

IX

V

031

e

Moscow

IX

W

032

e

Washington: Freer Gospels

V

X

033

e

Munich

X

Y

034

e

Cambridge

IX

Γ

036

e

Leningrad and Oxford

X

Δ

037

e

St. Gall

IX

Θ

038

e.

Tiflis: Koridethi

IX

Λ

039

e

Oxford

IX

Ξ

040

e

London: Zacynthius

VI, VIII?

Π

041

e

Leningrad

IX

Σ

042

e

Rossano

VI

Φ

043

e

Athos?

VI

Ψ

044

eap

Athos

VIII, IX

Page^                      

The following numbered uncials have been systematically cited on the basis of fresh collations made by the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung, Münster/Westf.  In many instances they are fragmentary and therefore their citation is comparatively infrequent:

Numbered Uncials

Content:: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Epistles; r=Revelation.

Number

Content

Date

046

r

X

047

e

VI11

048

ap

V

049

ap

IX

050

e

IX

051

r

X

052

r

X

053

e

IX

054

e

VIII

056

ap

X

058

e

IV

059

e

IV/V

060

e

VI

061

p

V

062

p

V

063

e

IX

064

e

VI

065

e

VI

066

a

VI

067

e

VI

068

e

V

070

e

VI

071

e

V/VI

073

e

VI

074

e

VI

076

a

V/VI

078

e

VI

079

e

VI

081

p

VI

082

p

VI

083

e

VI/VII

084

e

VI

085

e

VI

086

e

VI

087

e

VI

088

p

V/VI

090

e

VI

092b

e

VI

093

a

VI

095

a

VIII

096

a

VII

097

a

VII

099

e

VII

0100

e

VII

0102

e

VII

0105

e

X

0106

e

VII

0107

e

VII

0108

e

VII

0109

e

VII

0110

e

VI

0111

p

VII

0112

e

VI/VII

0113

e

V

0115

e

VIII

0116

e

VIII

0117

e

IX

0119

e

VII

0120

a

IX

0121

ap

X

0121b

P

X

0122

P

IX

0124

e

VI

0125

e

V?

0126

e

VIII

0128

e

IX

0129

p

IX

0130

e

IX

0131

e

IX

0132

e

IX

0134

e

VIII

0136

e

IX

0138

e

IX

0141

e

X

0142

ap

X

0143

e

VI

0146

e

VIII

0148

e

VIII

0155

e

IX

0156

a

VIII

0159

p

VI

0162

e

IV

0165

a

V

0170

e

V/VI

0171

e

IV

0172

p

V

0175

a

V

0176

p

IV

0177

e

X

0179

e

VI

0180

e

VI

0181

e

IV

0182

e

V

0186

p

V, VI

0187

e

VI

0189

a

IV

0190

e

VI

0191

e

VI

0193

e

VII

0196

e

IX

0197

e

IX

0201

p

V

0202

e

VI

0206

a

IV

0207

r

IV

0208

p

VI

0209

ap

VII

0210

e

VII

0214

e

IV

0216

e

V

0217

e

V

0220

p

III

0221

p

IV

0223

p

VI

0225

p

VI

0226

p

V

0229

r

VIII

0230

p

IV

0232

a

III

0234

e

VIII

0235

e

VI/VII

0236

a

V

0237

e

VI

0238

e

VIII

0242

e

IV

0243

p

X

0246

a

VI

0250

e

VIII

Page^