The Greek New Testament

Edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Bruce M Metzger Allen Wikgren
United Bible Societies London Copyright 1966.
This Edition prepared for katapi by Paul Ingram 2004

Introduction (Part 2)

3. The Evidence from Ancient Versions

The evidence cited from ancient versions includes the Latin (Itala or Old Latin, and Vulgate), Syriac, Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Georgian, and rarely Arabic, Nubian, Old High German, Persian, Provencal and Slavonic. The versional evidence has been derived primarily from printed editions (see bibliography). It must always be employed with caution since the very process of translation frequently obscures its textual basis, and resemblances can be merely accidental, especially if a translation is relatively free. Because of its uncertain character, it is not infrequently cited with a question mark (to indicate that the grammatical structure of the language makes it difficult, to cite confidently at this point) or with parenthesis marks (to indicate that there is similarity but not identity of readings).
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Itala or Old Latin (Second to Fourth Century) The following manuscripts have been cited in this edition:

Itala or Old Latin (Second to Fourth Century)
Content: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Episles; r=Revelation. Numbers and dates: are cited according to the Beuron Catalogue. Editor: See Bibliography.
Manuscript		Content	Name	Date	Editor
a	3	e	Vercellensis	IV	Jülicher
a2	16	e	Curiensis	V	Jülicher
ar	61	eapcr	Ardmachanus	IX	Gwynn
aur	15	e	Aureus	VII	Jülicher
b	4	e	Veronensis	V	Jülicher
β	26	e	Carinthianum	VII	Jülicher
c	6	eapcr	Colbertinus	XII/XIII	Jülicher
d	5	eac	Bezae Cantabrigiensis	V	Jülicher
d	75	p	Claromontanus	V/VI	Tischendorf
dem	59	apcr	Demidovianus	XIII	Matthaei
div		per	Divionensis	XIII	Wordsworth-White
e	2	e	Palatinus	V	Jülicher
e	50	a	Laudianus	VI	Tischendorf
e	76	p	Sangermanensis	IX	Tischendorf
f	10	e	Brixianus	VI	Jülicher
f	78	p	Augiensis	IX	Scrivener
ff	66	c	Corbeiensis	X/XI	Wordsworth-White
ff1	9	eac	Corbeiensis I	X	Jülicher
ff2	8	e	Corbeiensis II	V	Jülicher
g	77	p	Boernerianus	IX	Matthaei
g1	7	eapcr	Sangermanensis	IX	Jülicher
gig	51	eapcr	Gigas	XIII	Belsheim; Wordsworth-White
gue	79	p	Guelferbytanus	VI	Tischendorf
h	12	e	Claromontanus	V	Jülicher
h	55	acr	Floriacensis	V	Buchanan
haf		r	Hafnianus	X	Wordsworth-White
i	17	e	Vindobonensis	V	Jülicher
j	22	e	Sarzanensis	VI	Jülicher
k	1	e	Bobiensis	IV/V	Jülicher
l	11	e	Rhedigeranus	VII/VIII	Jülicher
l	67	eapcr	Legionensis	VII	Fischer
m		eapcr	Speculum (or Ps-Augustine)	IV-IX	Jülicher; Wordsworth-White
mon	86	p	Monza	X	Frede
n	16	e	Sangallensis	V	Jülicher
o	16	e	Sangallensis	VII	Jülicher
p	20	e	Sangallensis	VIII	Jülicher
p	54	eapcr	Perpinianensis	XIII	Wordsworth-White
ph	63	a	Philadelphiensis	XII	Sanders
π	18	e	Stuttgartensis	VII	Jülicher
q	13	e	Monacensis	VII	Jülicher
q	64	c	Monacensis	VII	de Bruyne
r	57	a	Schlettstadtensis	Vll/VIII	Morin
r1	14	e	Usserianus I	VII	Jülicher
r2	28	e	Usserianus II	VII/IX	Jülicher
r3	64	p	Monacensis	VII	de Bruyne
ρ	24	e	Ambrosianus	VII/VIII	Jülicher
s	21	e	Ambrosianus	V	Jülicher
s	53	ac	Bobiensis	VI	White
t	56	eapcr	Liber Comicus Toletanus	XI	Morin
t	19	e	Bernensis	VI	Jülicher
v	25	e	Vindobonensis	VII	Jülicher
v	81	p	Parisiensis	about 800	Souter
w	83	p	Waldeccensis	XI	Schultze
x		p	Bodleianus	IX	Wordsworth-White
z	65	per	Harleianus Londiniensis	VIII	Buchanan

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Vulgate (Fourth Century)
vg.		Vulgate, when the Clementine and the Wordsworth-White editions are in agreement.
vg.cl		the Clementine edition when it differs from Wordsworth-White.
cg.ww		the Wordsworth-White edition when it differs from the Clementine.
Syriac (Second or Third to Seventh Century)
1.	Old Syriac
	syr.s	Sinaitic (Lewis)
	syr.c	Curetonian (Burkitt)
2.	Peshitta and Later Syriac
	syr.p	Peshitta (Pusey and Gwilliarn; B.F.B.S. edition)
	syr.pa1	Palestinian (Lewis and Gibson, and others)
	syr.ph	philoxenian (Gwynn)
	syr.h	Harclean (White)
	syr.h.mg	a marginal reading.
	syr.h.gr	a Greek marginal reading.
	Syr.h with *	a reading in the Syriac text, marked by asterisks to indicate the existence of a variant.
Coptic (Third to Sixth Century)
Cop.sa		Sahidic (Horner; Kasser; Thompson)
cop.bo		Bohairic (IIorner; Kasser)
cop.fay		Fayyumic (Husselman and others)
cop.ach		Achmimic (Lefort; Thompson)
cop.ach2		Sub-Achmimic (Thompson)
Gothic (Fourth Century)
goth		Gothic (Streitberg)
Armenian (Fourth or Fifth Century)
arm		Armenian (Zohrab)
Ethiopia (Sixth Century)
eth.ro		Ethiopic (Rome)
eth.pp		Ethiopic (Pell Platt and Praetorius)
eth.ms		Ethiopic (Paris Ms. Eth. n. 32, XIII-XIV Century)
Georgian (Fifth Century)
geo		Georgian (Blake, Briere, Garitte)
geo.1, 2		manuscripts representing the two major Georgian traditions.
geo.a, b		manuscripts which form the basis of geo2.
Nubian (Sixth Century)
nub		Nubian (Griffith)

Other Versions

Occasional citations of the following versions have been derived from printed editions of the Greek New Testament.

Arab	Arabic Old German Old High German
Pers	Persian
Provencal	Provencal or Old French
Slav	Old Church Slavonic.

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4. The Evidence from Church Fathers

Evidence for the citation of the Church Fathers has been taken almost wholly from printed editions of the Greek New Testament and has not yet been checked. These data are not always reliable since many of the patristic editions employed by earlier editors of the Greek New Testament are out of date. Moreover, a Church Father not infrequently quotes the same passage in more than one form, often from memory rather than by consulting a manuscript, and may therefore appear in support of differing readings. Furthermore, the manuscripts of the Church Fathers have suffered the usual transcriptional modifications to which all ancient manuscripts were subject; this was especially true for Biblical passages where the tendency of scribes was to accommodate readings to the Byzantine textual tradition.

The following Church Fathers are cited in the apparatus in their presumed chronological sequence, and usually according to the spelling of Altaner. Dates given are generally those accepted for their death; in many cases these are approximate. Because of the considerable difficulties involved in distinguishing traditional abbreviations, and for convenience in use, the names of the Church Fathers are given in full, along with a few other authors and early writings of which the authorship is either unknown or disputed.

Church Fathers cited in the apparatus
Name	Date
Acacius	366
Acts of Pilate	IV
Acts of Thomas	III
Adamantius	300
Addai (see Teaching of Addai)
Africanus	240
Alexander, of Alexandria	328
Ambrose	397
Ambrosiaster	IV
Ammonius	III
Ammonius-Alexandria	V
Amphilochius	394
Anastasius-Abbot	VIII?
Chrysostom	407
Anastasius, of Antioch	700
Andrew, of Caesarea	614
Andrew-Crete	740
Ansbert	VIII
Anthony	VIII or XII
Antiochus, of St. Saba	614
Aphraates	367
Apollinaris, the Younger	390
Apostolic Canons	IV
Apostolic Constitutions	380
Apringius	551
Archclaus	278
Arethas	914
Aristides	II
Arius	336
Arnobius	460
Asterius	341
Athenagoras	II
Athanasius	373
Augustine	430
Basil, the Great	379
Beatus	786
Bede	735
Caelestinus, of Rome	IV
Caesarius, of Arles	542
Caesarius-Nazianzus	369
Carpocrates	II
Cassian	435
Cassiodorus	580
Chromatius	407
Claudius, of Turin	IX
Clement, of Alexandria	215
Cosmos	550
Cyprian	258
Cyril, of Alexandria	444
Cyril-Jerusalem	386
de Promissionibus	453
Diadochus	468
Diatessaron, of Tatian	II
Didache	II
Didascalia	III
Didymus, of Alexandria	398
Diodore	394
Diognetus	II
Dionysius, the Great, of Alexandria	265
Docetists	II
Druthmarus	840
Ephraem	373
Epiphanius	403
Eugippus	533
Eulogius	607
Eusebian Canons	IV
Eusebius, of Caesarea	339
Eustathius	337
Euthalius	V
Eutherius	434
Euthymius	XII
Facundus	569
Fastidius	V
Eaustinus	380
Faustus, of Riez	490
Faustus-Milevis	IV-V
Ferrandus	IV
Fulgentius	533
Gaudentius	406
Gelasius-Cyzicus	475
Gennadius, of Marseilles	505
Gennadius- Constantinople	471
Gildas	570
Gospel of the Ebionites	II
Gospel of the Nazarenes	II
Gregory-Elvira	392
Gregory-Xazianzus	390
Gregory-Nyssa	394
Gregory-Thaumaturgus	270
Haymo	841
Hegemonius	350
Hegesippus	180
Heracleon	II
Hesychius, of Jerusalem	459
Hesychius-Salonitan	418
Hieracus	302
Hilary	367
Hippolytus	235
Ignatius	110
Irenaeus	202
Isidore	435
Jacob-Nisibis	338
Jerome	420
John-Damascus	749
Julian-Eclanum	454
Julius, I	352
Justin	165
Juvencus	330
Leo	461
Leontius	VI
Liberatus	566
Liber Graduum	320
Lucifer, of Cagliari	370
Macarius, Magnes	400
Macrobius	IV
Manes	277
Manicheans	III
Marcion	II
Marcus, Eremita	430
Marius Mercator	V
Maternus	348
Maximinus	428
Maximus, II, of Turin	423
Maximus-Confessor	662
Melitius	381
Methodius	III
Naassenes	II/'III
Nestorius	451
Niceta	414
Nonnus	431
Novatian	III
Oecumenius	VI
Optatus	385
Origen	254
Orosius	418
Orsisius	380
pacian	392
Palladius	431
Pamphilus	310
Papias	II
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 405	IV
Paschal Chronicle	630
Paulinus-Nola	431
Pelagius	412
Perateni	III
Peter-Alexandria	311
Peter-Laodicea	VI
Petilianus	V
Philo-Carpasia	401
Phoebadius	392
Photius	895
Pierius	309
Polycarp	156
Porphyry	III
Possidius	V
Primasius	552
Priscillian	385
Proclus	446
Procopius	538
Promissionibus, de	453
Ps-Ambrose	VI
Ps-Athanasius	VI
Ps-Augustine	?
Ps-Chrysostom	VI
Ps-Clement	IV
Ps-Cyprian	?
Ps-Dionysius	V
Ps-Hippolytus	?
Ps-Ignatius	V
Ps- Jerome	V
Ps-Justin	IV/V
Ps-Oecumenius	X
Ps-Theodulus	VI/VII?
Ps-Titus	?
Ps-Vigilius	?
Ptolemy, a Gnostic	II
Rebaptism (de Rebaptismate)	III?
Rufinus	410
Rupertus	1135
Salvian	480
Sedulius-Scotus	IX
Serapion	362
Severian	408
Severus	538
Socrates, of Constantinople	439
Sozomen	450
Sulpicius	420
Synesius	414
Tatian (see Diatessaron)	II
Teaching of Addai	400
Tertullian	220
Theodore, of Mopsuestia	428
Theodore-Heraclea	358
Theodore-Studita	826
Theodoret	466
Theodotus, of Byzantium	II
Theodotus-Ancyra	445
Theophilua, Antioch	180
Theophylact	1077
Theotecnus	III
Titus-Bostra	378
Tyconius	380
Valentinians	II
Valentinus	160
Valerian	460
Varimadum	380
Victor-Antioch	V
Victor-Tunis	566
Victor-Vita	489
Victorinus-Pettau	304
Victorinus-Rome, Marius	362
Vigilius	484
Zeno	372

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The problem of the Diatessaron of Tatian is particularly complex due to the indirect nature of the evidence, and the resulting diversity of theories and opinions concerning the tradition. When the term Diatessaron is used without superscript designation (see below) it usually refers to the Arabic version, which has been extensively accommodated to the Syriac Peshitta. However, rather than eliminate evidence traditionally cited for the Diatessaron, the Committee has included it, though with this word of caution.

The following abbreviations are frequently used in citing evidence from the Church Fathers:

( )	indicate that a Church Father supports the reading for which he is cited, but deviates from it in minor details.
txt	the lemma, that is, the cited portion of the text of the New Testament, on which the commentary of a Church Father is based, where this diners from the form of text cited in the commentary itself.
comm	the New Testament text cited in the commentary, where the citation differs from the lemma.
ed	published edition (s) of a Church Father.
ms, mss	manuscript(s) of a Church Father when differing from the edited text.
gr	the Greek text of a Church Father as distinct from a version in another language.
Lat	the Latin version of a Greek Church Father.
arm	the Armenian version of a Church Father.
slav	the Slavonic version of a Church Father.
acc.to	according to.
½, 2/3, 5/7 etc.	flip second figure of the fraction indicates the number of times a particular passage is cited by a Church Father, and the first specifies the number of times the passage is cited in the particular form of the variant with which the fraction is placed.
a, b, c	different manuscripts of the writings of Theophylact. The superscripts do not indicate correctors of manuscripts, as is the case with N and I).
a, bav, c,p	different manuscripts of Andrew of Caesarea's Commentary on Revelation.

Special abbreviations used in connection with the Diatessaron include:

a	Arabic
e	quotation by Ephraem
e.arm	quotation preserved in the Armenian version of Ephraem's commentary.
e.syr	quotation preserved in the Syriac text of Ephraem's commentary.
f	Fulda
i	Italian (the agreement' of t and v)
L	Liege
o	Old Dutch (the agreement of L and S)
p	Persian
s	Stuttgart
t	Tuscan
v	Venetian
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The Greek New Testament

Edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Bruce M Metzger Allen Wikgren United Bible Societies London Copyright 1966. This Edition prepared for katapi by Paul Ingram 2004

Introduction (Part 2)

3. The Evidence from Ancient Versions

Itala or Old Latin (Second to Fourth Century)

Content: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Episles; r=Revelation. Numbers and dates: are cited according to the Beuron Catalogue. Editor: See Bibliography.

Other Versions

4. The Evidence from Church Fathers

Church Fathers cited in the apparatus

Edited by Kurt Aland Matthew Black Bruce M Metzger Allen Wikgren
United Bible Societies London Copyright 1966.
This Edition prepared for katapi by Paul Ingram 2004

Content: e=Gospels; a=Acts; p=Epistles of St Paul; c=Catholic or General Episles; r=Revelation.
Numbers and dates: are cited according to the Beuron Catalogue.
Editor: See Bibliography.